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"Dual Citizenship"

Philippians 3:17-4:1

Hampton Baptist

Charles R. Smith

March 4, 2007 Second Sunday in Lent

Current newscasts regularly report about illegal aliens, and immigration will be a significant hot-button issue in the 2008 presidential campaign. Citizenship, and what that means, ignites a variety of emotions and passions. When I consider a symbol of American citizenship, I think of the Statue of Liberty. I am fascinated by the words on a plaque at the base of the Statue. It was written by Emma Lazarus and has illustrated what the statue has meant to millions who have migrated to the United States seeking freedom. "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send those, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door." (http://www.libertystatepark.com/emma.htm) The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the United States to be a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. (http://www.nps.gov/stli) Six years after the Statue of Liberty was dedicated, the nation’s premier federal immigration station opened on Ellis Island, found in the same New York harbor. (http://www.nps.gov/elis/index.htm) Linking the Statue of Liberty to immigration and citizenship is an effortless connection.

My seminary roommate was born and raised in the Republic of South Africa and came to the states for his seminary education. Upon graduation, he returned to his home country where he taught in a Baptist school there. In 1990, Craig moved back to the United States, jumping through a variety of hoops from the Immigration and Naturalization Service, finally getting his green card signifying permanent residency. He was called as an Associate Pastor two miles from our house in Georgia and lived with Jennifer and me for a while. He later became an Associate Pastor in Vail, Colorado, and while leading a retreat, he met a Texan who was doing resort missions. When they were married, they completed appropriate paperwork so that they both now have dual-citizenship. Marrying citizens of two separate countries, they are both now citizens of two separate countries. Later, they adopted two boys from St. Petersburg, Russia; Nikolai and Micah now have multiple citizenship: Russia, United States, and the Republic of South Africa. Craig and Mia thought their sons needed that connection to the land of their birth, realizing that they could return one day if they chose to do so.

In general, countries define citizenship based on one's descent, place of birth, marriage, and/or naturalization. Citizenship is not only a source of birthright and connection, but also one of duty and responsibility. Because I am an American citizen, I choose to exercise my democratic right to vote in every election, and to be a good steward of the rights and responsibilities afforded to me as a citizen of the United States. I pay my taxes and obey the law; I also expect the government to uphold their responsibilities as well.

In today’s Epistle Lesson, the Apostle Paul mentions heavenly citizenship. The Philippian congregation was Paul’s favorite of all the churches which he had started. When Paul used the term "citizenship," the attention of the Philippian readers certainly peaked. Philippi was a major city in Macedonia and a Roman colony; geographically, they were a long way from Rome. About Roman citizenship in Philippi, biblical commentator William Barclay writes, "Here and there at strategic military centers, the Romans set down their colonies. In such places, the citizens were mostly soldiers who had served their time--twenty-one years--and who had been rewarded with full citizenship. The great characteristic of these colonies was that, wherever they were, they remained fragments of Rome. Roman dress was worn; Roman magistrates governed; the Latin tongue was spoken; Roman justice was administered; Roman morals were observed. Even in the ends of the earth they remained unshakeably Roman." (William Barclay. The Letters to the Philippians, Colossians and Thessalonians. Rev. Ed. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. 1975. P. 69) The Philippians could never forget their allegiance to Rome; the evidence was all around them. There was no escaping the Roman nationalism. Yet Paul encouraged them to remember that they must never forget their heavenly citizenship and that they had duties and responsibilities to uphold.

Paul’s admonition to embrace their heavenly citizenship was radical for its day. Some would and could accuse Paul of being unpatriotic, because he allowed his allegiance to God to surpass his allegiance to the Emperor. Many certainly could have charged Paul with treason, because his primary allegiance was not to being a Roman citizen. Religious toleration and diversity were not treasured values in the Roman Empire of the First Century. Paul was making a bold statement based upon his understanding of our unequivocal and uncompromised devotion to God.

A note of contextual interest also deserves to be mentioned. Paul himself was a citizen of Rome, and he understood first-hand the privileges of Roman citizenship. There were perks to being a Roman citizen; when arrested in Jerusalem, he played his Roman citizenship card which got him a transfer away from the angry Jewish mob that wanted to kill him. Paul’s Roman citizenship extradited him eventually to Rome where he could appear before the Roman governor. The letter which he wrote to the Philippians was being penned from a Roman prison, and he was writing as a citizen of Rome declaring to other Roman citizens that their citizenship was in heaven. In the end, Paul was willing to abandon the temporal for the eternal; he was anxiously awaiting the transformation of his mortal body to a heavenly body.

Paul was reiterating to the Philippian believers that they could not claim "dual citizenship." My friends understand the advantages of multiple citizenships between the United States, South Africa, and Russia. For Paul, Roman citizenship also had its advantages, but ultimately it did not save him. It is believed that Paul was beheaded during the reign of Roman Emperor Nero. Paul’s Roman citizenship may have stayed his execution temporarily, but ultimately, he was executed by the Roman government. His Roman citizenship was inconsequential in the end; at the close of his life, his nationality and earthly citizenship did not matter, but his heavenly citizenship made all the difference in the world.

To the Roman Christians in Philippi, linking the cross to citizenship of heaven was an effortless connection. Jesus gave his life for us on the cross and expects that we take our heavenly citizenship seriously. During the season of Lent, we are called to reflect more intentionally on our relationship with God. Choosing other allegiances to rival our commitment to Christ cheapens that grace. Our earthly citizenship will fail us, but aren’t you glad that our heavenly citizenship will never fail us? Today, all who have declared their primary citizenship to be an allegiance to Christ are invited to the table to celebrate that great love.

 

 

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